3 млрд. лв. от новия дълг тази година е изтеглен от служебния кабинет
Правителството на Денков ще търси заем от външните пазари за близо 4.5 млрд. лв.
Буря в чаша вода се оказа „изненадата“ на лидера на ГЕРБ Бойко Борисов, че правителството на Николай Денков се кани да тегли нов дълг. Нещо повече, Борисов даже се скара на финансовия министър Асен Василев, че не пита партньорите си от ГЕРБ за планираната дългова емисия.
Всъщност тези коментари не са нищо друго, освен предизборно заиграване и мътене на водата на ПП-ДБ, които едва ли не тихомълком решили да товарят държавата с нови задължения.
Министерството на финансите излезе днес със съобщение, с което напомня, че с приетия от Народното събрание Закон за държавния бюджет за 2023 г. на 28 юли т.г. (който бе подкрепен от ГЕРБ) се предвижда таванът на новия държавен дълг за тази година да е в размер на 7,5 млрд. лв.
От тях 3 млрд. лв. вече са изтеглени от служебното правителство през януари тази година, за рефнансиране на стар дълг – падеж на 7-годишни еврооблигации, емитирани през март 2016 г. и падеж на 10,5-годишни вътрешни ДЦК, емитирани през януари 2013 г.
Останалите около 4,5 млрд. лв. са предвидени за финансиране на касовия дефицит от 2,5% от БВП, заложен и гласуван в Бюджет 2023 г.
Бюджетното салдо, т.е. дали бюджетът е балансиран, с излишък или с дефицит, е един от най-важните параметри на основния финансов закон на държавата. И би било жалко, ако някой народен представител, особено ако е лидер на партия, какъвто е Бойко Борисов, не е обърнал внимание какво гласува. Ако бюджетът е с дефицит, какъвто е случаят тази година, то друг ключов параметър е как този дефицит ще бъде покрит. Когато сумата е голяма, това няма как това да стане без теглене на заеми. А дефицитът е голям, защото партиите в парламента в последните години се надпреварват в гласуването на всевъзможни помощи, коменсации, допълнителни разходи и данъчни облекчения, като ГЕРБ не прави изключение.
В интервюто за БТА финансовият министър Асен Василев обясни тези дни, че до края на годината държавата трябва да изтегли заем, за да може да се покрие недостигът на приходите над разходите на хазната, които се очертават около 5 млрд. лв. Вероятно парите ще бъдат потърсени от международните пазари, тъй като сумата е голяма, за да бъде набрана от вътрешния пазар и то в рамките на само два месеца и половина, каза Василев.
Въпреки новият дълг България остава и тази година сред отличниците с най-ниска задлъжнялост в ЕС.
България запазва второто си място в ЕС сред държавите с най-нисък дълг, според последните официални данни от Евростат от юли 2023 г., посочва МФ. Към края на първото тримесечие на 2023 г. съотношението на дълга на сектор „Държавно управление“ към БВП възлиза на 22,5%, като само Естония има по-нисък дълг. Всички други 25 държави-членки имат по-високи нива на дълг, при средно за ЕС – 83,7%.
Съотнесен към БВП на страната нивата на държавния дълг трайно намаляват през последните години, посочва още МФ. През 2017 г. нивото на дълг на България е 25,1% от БВП, през 2018 г. – 22,1%, през 2019 г. – 20,0%, през 2020 г. – 24,5%, през 2021 г. – 23,9%, през 2022 г. – 22,9%, а към края на 2023 г. се очаква да бъде около 22,0%.
Ниските нива на дълг, както и ниските разходи по обслужване на държавния дълг в България, са забелязани, освен от Европейската комисия, и от световните медии. На 12 октомври България е класирана на първо място в ЕС от списание „Икономист“ за най-ниски разходи по обслужване на дълга, дори по-ниски от тези на Естония, припомнят от МФ.
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